Scabies

History 

Than 3000 years. Scabies is an ancient worldwide

Disease affecting all races and social classes in every climate from arctic to equatorial region. Scabies is caused by a mite which lays eggs in the human skin. These eggs then hatch and grow into adult mites which repeat this cycle. This means that the signs and side effects of this skin condition can last for months or even years. In this video we will take a brief look on the organism that causes scabies, its signsand symptoms and how to treat scabies.

So, let’s begin, scabies is a very common disease and globally, more than 200 million people are affected every year, with a particularly high prevalence in poor tropical regions. It is an important public health problem worldwide and can occur at any age affecting both male and females equally. Now let’s talk about the organism responsible for scabies which is basically a sarcoptes scabiei. Humans discovered this mite in the 17th century and scabies mite has been mentioned even in the old testaments of the bible and many books of shakespeare. You would be surprised to know that human


Scabies was the first disease in which the causative organism was discovered using a magnifying lens.

This mite is oval, pearl-like white organism with lots of legs and special structures on their legs known as suckers. At a time 10-12 vermin can infect an individual. The life cycle of a mite is completed entirely on human skin,


Furthermore, it starts when a pregnant mite attaches on the human skin. This female mite dugs up a tunnel like structure on the human skin which is known as a burrow. This burrow can be up to 1cm long and the mite lays her eggs along this burrow. Every mite can lay up to 50 eggs during her life cycle. These eggs hatch into larvae in 3-4 days and get away from the burrow. The larvae then transform into the next stage in their life cycle known as nymphs and in the next 4-7 days these nymphs mature into adult males and females, hence finishing the cycle. The burrows of the mites are often visible as very thin lines about 1 centimeter long. Frequently, scratching of the itchy burrows results


In a bacterial infection of the skin so-called optional bacterial infection. The scabies bug are capable of surviving in the environment, beyond the human body, for up to 3 days in normal room conditions. Scabietic infestation can be classified into- traditional scabies which is the most common structure seen and about which we will discuss right away. Next is animal transmitted scabies- it is acquired from animals like dogs, horses, and so on and lastly crusted scabies or norwegian scabies-here the host may be colonized with a huge number of mites. It is the most severe one and affect those with a weakened immune framework (caused by [hiv], blood cancer,  or constant use of steroids or other drugs that stifle the immune system.


Presently we will discuss about the risk factors for transmission of scabies.

Risk factor for transmission include poverty, stuffing, poor hygiene, poor nutritional status, homeless people, dementia and immunosuppression. You can get scabies by coming in physical contact (sexual or non sexual) for a significant measure of time with someone who has scabies or on the other hand you can also get scabies by using the same towels, bedding, clothes or other fomites used by someone who has scabies. 




How do you know if you have scabies? So, let’s

Talk about the signs and symptoms of scabies:

It can be asymptomatic for the first couple of weeks but

The hallmark of the scabies is severe itching that usually worsens at night and typically appears 4 to 6 weeks after initial infestation


In addition to itching, you can have skin lesion in the form of tiny red bumps that are usually present over the webs of fingers, inner aspects of wrists, underarms, umbilicus and periumbilical region, genitalia and upper thighs.

 It can be anywhere on the body except on an adult’s face, but in infants and elderly all skin surfaces are susceptible.

Patient also gives a history of similar complaints in family members and close contacts. Now let’s talk about how is scabies diagnosed. Diagnosis is mostly clinical andis based on typical signs and symptoms that we have discussed 


Typical symptoms, typical site involvement, typical appearance of the skin lesions, all of which we have already discussed in the earlier half of the video. Also not to forget history of similar complaints in the family members or close contacts. Definitive diagnosis is made by microscopic identification of the scabies mites, eggs, or fecal pellets also known as scybla. Now coming to the last part of the video. Here we will discuss what different treatment options we have for treating scabies. It can be divided into topical drugs which are applied over the skin and oral medication. Topical medications include soaps, bodywashes, lotions,

Creams and gels. We will look at them one

By one: the list of topical agents used are permethrin 5%, crotamiton 10%, lindane 1%, or benzyl benzoate lotion.





  • Permethrin 5% cream is the first-line topical therapy in the uk and usa. Permethrin kills both the adult mite as well as waits eggs and is therefore highly effective after a single application. However, in practice the prescribed regimen often involves two applications which is to be applied to the full body from neck down and 8-14 hrs of contact period is required.So we generally tell our patients to apply it in the night and wash it off in the morning.

  • Sulphur compounds can be effective, with preparations of 5–10% sulphur in paraffin widely used throughout africa and south america;


  • Be that as it may, they are terrible to utilize and can cause skin disturbance and are hence inadequately endured.


  • Benzyl benzoate has been utilized in 10-25% arrangements in numerous nations, remembering for europe

   

    What's more, australia however its utilization is     restricted by serious skin bothering.


  • Crotamiton 10% has been inclined toward in youngsters because of its low poisonousness profile; nonetheless, it has restricted viability, and numerous applications are typically expected to accomplish a good geaction. In this way, these were the effective specialists that are applied over the skin for treating scabies,


Presently we should check the oral medications out

That are utilized for the treatment. The most well-known oral medication that is utilized is ivermectin. Ivermectin is endorsed at a solitary portion of 12 mg for grown-ups and 6 mg for youngsters under 10.

Frequently a second portion of ivermectin is allowed following fourteen days. A subsequent portion is expected to kill every one of the eggs of the bug which can incubate after some time and can prompt a backslide. Moxidectin is a fresher specialist that is being utilized to treat scabies. It has better maintenance in the skin and a significantly longer half-life than ivermectin, implying that a solitary portion might be to the point of wiping out pervasion. It additionally seems to forestall reinfestation for a more extended timeframe, contrasted and ivermectin. To ease tingling patients are likewise given enemy of tingling medicine like cetirizine, levocetirizine and other antihistaminic drugs. I would say as a dermatology inhabitant - two of the most generally involved medicines for scabies are effective permethrin and oral ivermectin. Both have equivalent adequacy and are by and large all around endured. Presently how about we take a gander at some the way of life adjustment you ought to do to forestall scabies you want to kill parasites that might be available on your attire, towels, and bedding by doing one of the accompanying:

• wash them in steaming hot water and dry them in a hot dryer or save them in direct daylight for at       Least 2 days.

• furthermore, the things you can't wash, envelop them by a shut plastic pack and keep in daylight for no less than 3 days with the goal that the vermin bite the dust. Continuously recollect that a decent private cleanliness is very critical to forestall scabies and its re-contamination. I truly want to believe that you preferred the video. Make a point to like and buy into our feed as we transfer wellbeing and wellness related recordings. And furthermore try to hit the chime symbol close to the buy in button so you can get informed when we discharge our new recordings.

Many thanks for Reading hope you will get some knowledge.